The Hathras tragedy on July 3, where over 120 devotees, primarily women and children, lost their lives in a stampede at a congregation led by spiritual leader Bhole Baba, brings the perilous intersection of alternative religiosity and socio-political dynamics in India once again into light. This incident reveals the dangerous consequences of unchecked gatherings and attracts scrutiny into the deeper, often overlooked, reasons why such alternative religious movements gain traction.

It is not the first time religious gatherings have become the final resting grounds for devotees. There have been several incidents over the years, but government apathy has led to no concrete steps being taken to check such incidents.

Bhole Baba, aka Narayan Sakar Hari, aka Suraj Pal, has a significant following among Dalits in Uttar Pradesh and neighbouring states. His popularity stems from his perceived miraculous abilities to heal and solve problems. Stories of his supposed powers have cemented his status as a spiritual saviour among his devotees.

The allure of Bhole Baba and similar figures who focus on the poorer and marginalised sections of society can be traced to the systemic caste-based discrimination embedded within mainstream Hinduism. Historically ostracised, they often find solace and community in alternative religious movements where they feel seen and valued. These movements offer a semblance of spiritual and social empowerment that the mainstream fails to provide.

However, this rise in alternative religiosity is a double-edged sword. While it provides an immediate sense of relief and community, it also opens the door for Hindutva elements to infiltrate and influence these spaces. Dalit rights activists express concern that this growing religiosity dilutes the radical anti-caste politics championed by figures like Dr BR Ambedkar. Activists fear that the spiritual teachings of leaders like Bhole Baba might eventually align with broader Hindutva narratives, undermining the fight against caste oppression.

The police and authorities' response to the Hathras stampede has also raised eyebrows. Despite the large number of casualties, Bhole Baba has not been named in the police's first information report. This omission is seen by many as a reflection of the authorities' fear of backlash from his vast following. This incident is not an isolated case. History is replete with examples of the police and authorities hesitating to act against influential spiritual leaders, especially those with large followings. The fear of retaliation and the potential political ramifications often result in inaction. This pattern of behaviour emboldens such leaders and their followers, perpetuating a cycle of exploitation and manipulation.

Also of concern are the attempts to frame these gatherings and their tragic outcomes with conspiratorial overtones rather than addressing the root causes. Like many other tragedies, compensation has been announced. Whether the kin of the deceased or the injured receive it is another question altogether. Some officials will be suspended, and some will be transferred, and this incident, too, will be swept under the rug and forgotten until the next one, with no lessons learned from it.